Penerapan Perpetual Inventory System dalam Perhitungan Laba Rugi Kotor Perusahaan Dagang
Abstract
Laporan laba rugi merupakan laporan krusial bagi setiap perusahaan yang berorientasi laba. Laporan ini dihasilkan tiap akhir periode akuntansi dengan menjabarkan penjualan atau pendapatan dikurangi dengan biaya atau beban yang ada. Namun pada prakteknya, ada kalanya pimpinan memerlukan laporan ini di tengah periode akuntansi dengan mengabaikan beban atau biaya pada periode tersebut. Laporan laba rugi yang belum dikurangi segala biaya dan beban disebut laba rugi kotor. Walaupun belum sepenuhnya akurat, namun laporan ini sangat berguna untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pencapaian (milestone) laba perusahaan dibandingkan dengan target yang hendak dicapai. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis mengimplementasikan metode pencatatan Perpetual Inventory System sehingga dapat menghasilkan laporan laba rugi kotor secara instan kapan saja diperlukan, tanpa menunggu akhir periode akuntansi. Perancangan program pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Agile dengan pendekatan Extreme Programming. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode black box untuk memastikan fitur yang dibutuhkan sudah sesuai. Dalam hal ini penulis membandingkan hasil perhitungan laporan dengan perhitungan manual yang terbukti benar dan akurat. Dengan adanya laporan laba rugi kotor yang dapat diakses setiap saat, perusahaan dapat lebih fokus pada pencapaian target laba perusahaan.
Kata Kunci —Laba rugi kotor, Sistem Informasi Dagang, Perpetual Inventory System.
Profit and loss report is crucial report for every profit-oriented companies. This report is generated at the end of every accounting period by calculating the difference between sales or income with costs or liabilities. But in reality, sometimes CEOs may need this report in the middle of accounting period where it excludes costs or liabilities for the period. Profit and loss report which exclude costs or liabilities is called gross profit and loss report. Although it is not fully accurate, this report can be useful to determine how far profit milestones has been reached by the company compare to the desired target. In this research, the writer implements Perpertual Inventory System method to generate gross profit and loss report instantly whenever needed, without the need to wait until the end of accounting period. Software is designed using Agile Development Method with Extreme Programming approach. Blackbox testing is used to ensure all required features are working. In this case, the writer compares results between generated report and manually calculated which proven correct and accurate. With gross profit and loss report which can be accessed anytime, company can focus to achieve company’s profit target.
Keywords— Gross Profit and Loss, Trade Information System, Perpetual Inventory System
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.24076/citec.2018v5i4.223
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